6. The respiratory chain 6.5 The energetics of electron transport Redox reactions can be compartmentalized to produce a measurable voltage The redox potential (?E) is proportional to the free energy (?G) Redox potentials and free energies in the respiratory chain In discussing the driving forces…
5. Pyruvate dehydrogenase and the citric acid cycle 5.1 Overview Pyruvate degradation occurs in the mitochondria In the complete degradation of pyruvate, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and the citric acid cycle perform the oxidation of all substrate carbon to CO2. The hydrogen is retained in reduced…
17. Iron and heme metabolism 17.5 Iron uptake, transport and storage Structure of ferritin Hemosiderin in liver tissue uptake in the small intestine: Fe2+—free or bound to heme transport: Fe3+—bound to transferrin with very high affinity cellular uptake: endocytosis of transferrin, release of iron in acidic…
1. Introduction 1.6 The digestive system Intestinal organs: functional overview The portal circulation Liver tissue structure Blood flow and bile flow within the liver lobule The stomach: functions of gastric acid Gastric acid and pepsin in protein digestion Function of the exocrine pancreas Roles of bile…
Lecture notes on human metabolism This is the web version of my course notes on human metabolism. These notes, and the accompanying slides, are intended for teaching human metabolism at the undergraduate level. They aim to give a big picture view of the subject that takes into account…
3. Glycolysis 3.1 Overview of glucose metabolism The place of glycolysis in glucose degradation Alternative structures of d-glucose Pathway Function glycolysis, citric acid cycle, respiratory chain complete degradation of glucose for ATP production hexose monophosphate shunt degradation of glucose for regeneration of NADPH glycogen synthesis…
8. Glycogen metabolism 8.5 Interorgan relationships in glycogen metabolism Liver glycogen utilization Muscle glycogen utilization The Cori cycle As stated above, the two tissues that have the most significant pools of glycogen are the liver and skeletal muscle. Liver glycogen is turned over rapidly; it…
19. Enzyme and gene therapy of enzyme defects 19.2 Adenosine deaminase deficiency Conventional therapy of ADA deficiency: Allogenic bone marrow transplant Experimental drug treatment of ADA Researching ADA enzyme therapy: first attempt Researching ADA enzyme replacement therapy: second attempt Gene therapy of ADA deficiency Adenosine…